太極科學期刊
type: channel
description: 太極科學期刊（JTS）是一份經過同行評審的開放取用學術期刊（ISSN 2832-062X），專注於太極、氣功與身心健康的跨學科研究。期刊刊登心理健康、運動科學、整合醫學以及相關文化與哲學觀點的原創研究和綜述文章。現階段僅提供數位格式，並以英文出版。
publisher: World Taiji Science Federation
language: zh-Hans
publication name: 太極科學期刊
issn: 2832-0611
copyright: 所有文章将永久在线向公众开放，无任何限制或订阅费用。所有文章均可自由使用、引用和传播，前提是需给予适当的署名。作者保留其原始作品的版权。已发表的文章同时依据知识共享（Creative Commons, CC）署名许可协议进行授权。根据维基百科，“CC许可协议适用于当作者希望赋予他人分享、使用及基于其创作进行再创作的权利时使用的授权方式
items: A Study on Differences in Static Balance Ability Among Older Women Engaged in Different Types of Exercise
items: Evidence-Based Pathways for the Internationalization of Taijiquan
items: Physiological Crosstalk, Taijiquan, Qigong, And Traditional Chinese Medicine
items: The Impact and Intervention of Handheld Tai Chi Water-resistance Fitness Ball on Middle-aged and Elderly Patients with Parkinson's Disease
items: Influence and intervention of Tai Chi Training on Memory Muscle Injury in Middle and Old Age
items: Scientific Analysis and Comparison Between Bigu and Keto Diet
items: Comparison of the Effects of HIIT and MICT on Weight Loss in Female College Students: A Meta-Analysis
items: Mathematic-Guided Tai-Chi Movements
items: A Study on the Effects of Taiji Rouli Ball Exercise on Hand Dexterity of Middle-Aged and Elderly Practitioners
items: The Art of Balance: Exploring Analogies in Taiji Forms and Tensegrity Structures
items: Preliminary Study of Physiological Effects of Medical Tai Chi on the Cardiopulmonary System
items: Preliminary Taiji Stake Work and its suitability for use in physiotherapy
items: Difference in Hamstring Flexibility between Athletes in the Chilean National Wushu Team versus Athletes not in the Chilean National Wushu Team
items: Graphical Method of the Wining Mechanism of Taiji
items: Revealing the Inheritance of Taĳiquan by New Historical Materials in Tang Village, China
items: Analysis and Reflections on the Scientific Research of Taijiquan in China
items: A Human Body Model for Calculating Taiji
items: Traditional Taijiquan's Three Evolutionary Forms and Characteristics in Their Development
items: Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding the Origins of Taijiquan by New Historical Materials in Tang Village, China
items: An Experimental Study of the Interventional Effects of Qigong Exercise on College Students with Different Personality Types
items: The research on the coupling relationship between human skeleton and fascia in Taĳi from the perspective of spatial structure
items: Cardio Taĳi for Wellness
items: Wang Zongyue's Taĳiquan Discourse: The Biomechanics of Dongjin
items: Research on the Belt and Road Initiative and the International Communication of Health Qigong
items: Biomechanical Analysis of Taijiquan Martial Application
items: Effect of Taiji post-standing on the brain analyzed with EEG signals

A Study on Differences in Static Balance Ability Among Older Women Engaged in Different Types of Exercise
type: item
description: Older women face significantly increased fall risk due to muscle atrophy and vestibular decline. Balance is a critical factor in fall prevention, yet the effects of different exercise modalities on static balance remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of Taiji, square dancing, brisk walking, and no exercise on static balance in older women, providing evidence for developing community-based fall prevention exercise strategies. The study recruited 172 women aged 60 years and older, who were classified into Taiji, square dancing, brisk walking, or no exercise groups based on their exercise habits. The Israeli Tetrax balance tester was used to assess overall stability (ST), weight distribution index (WDI), and fall risk index (FI) across eight postures. The effects of different exercise modalities were explored using analysis of variance and linear regression models. Results: Significant differences in ST were observed across multiple postures (NC, PC, HR, HL, HB) among all four groups (P < 0.05). The Taiji group showed the best stability in most postures, followed by square dance; brisk walking showed only limited improvement. WDI indicated a more even weight distribution in the Taiji group during head rotation conditions. Regression analysis showed that Taiji, square dancing, and brisk walking all significantly reduced fall risk (P < 0.001), with Taiji showing the greatest effect. Conclusions: Regular exercise significantly improves static balance and reduces fall risk in older women. Taiji excels under multisensory deprived conditions by enhancing the integration of the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems, warranting prioritized implementation in community settings.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Older Women
  topic: keywords
subject: Different Exercise Modalities
  topic: keywords
subject: Taiji
  topic: keywords
subject: Static Balance Ability
  topic: keywords
subject: Tetrax Balance
  topic: keywords
creator: JIE YU
creator: Lin Wang
creator: Yu Lu
creator: Yixin Chen
creator: Fengrui Shi
creator: Hong Wang
creator: Linmeng Zhou
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-13
publication date: 2025-11-13
starting page: 46
ending page: 58
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.08

Evidence-Based Pathways for the Internationalization of Taijiquan
type: item
description: Taijiquan embodies martial, health-promoting, and cultural values. In recent years, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has provided a scientific framework to validate its health benefits. A growing body of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews/meta-analyses has demonstrated robust evidence for Taijiquan in fall prevention, balance enhancement, blood pressure regulation, and mental health among older adults, with additional promising signals in Parkinson’s disease, stroke rehabilitation, cancer recovery, and chronic disease management. Within the EBM framework, this paper systematically reviews the existing evidence, compares research and dissemination pathways across the United States, Europe, and China, and analyzes methodological limitations, instructor training, data sharing, and policy barriers. Based on this analysis, six major internationalization pathways are proposed: academic institutionalization, educational integration, societal adoption, medical incorporation, and collaborative research communities. Overall, Taijiquan is undergoing a critical transition from cultural heritage to evidence-based intervention. Its scientific and international development holds strong potential to contribute to healthy aging and global public health goals.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Taijiquan
  topic: keywords
subject: Evidence-Based Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Controlled Trial
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Meta-analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Shudong Li
creator: Michelle Ahl
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-05
publication date: 2025-10-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.06

Physiological Crosstalk, Taijiquan, Qigong, And Traditional Chinese Medicine
type: item
description: Taijiquan (TJ) and Qigong (QG) are part of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapeutic arsenal, together with acupuncture, moxibustion, Tui Na, pharmacology, dietetics, and surgery. In the Chinese Warring States Period (475-221 BC), physical exercises were already practiced for maintaining health, and represent the fundamentals of QG while TJ was created as a martial art and later practiced as a therapeutic method. They differ from western physical education because they intend to make beneficial modifications in the Qi (energy), the blood, the body fluids, and promote the harmonious flow of the Qi in special channels and collaterals named Jing-Luo, which are concepts quite different from Western physical education. Nowadays researchers have been demonstrating the existence of the Jing-Luo, although they still don´t know the nature of the Qi. Ancient Chinese theories explain this energetic physiology. According to modern science, Exerkines are humoral factors secreted into circulation in response to exercise, which is responsible for the interplay between distant organs and systems. The intercommunication exerted by these biomolecules resembles parts of Chinese theories and could be a reference to evaluate the Chinese theories, and/or, the Chinese theories could be tested as a guide for searching for new biomolecules.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Oriental Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Martial Arts
  topic: keywords
subject: Meditation
  topic: keywords
subject: Mindfulness
  topic: keywords
subject: Tai-Chi Chuan
  topic: keywords
creator: Robson Campos Gutierre
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 71
ending page: 78
doi: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.03.05

The Impact and Intervention of Handheld Tai Chi Water-resistance Fitness Ball on Middle-aged and Elderly Patients with Parkinson's Disease
type: item
description: Through the use of a survey and statistical methods, this study explores the effects and interventions of handheld Tai Chi water resistance fitness balls on the elderly with Parkinson's disease. Firstly, a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson's disease was developed, and its reliability and validity were tested. Then, a survey was conducted to investigate the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson's disease patients, including general information, scoring status, and single and multiple factor analyses of influencing factors. The results of the study show that through qualitative research, the dimensions and item pools of the questionnaire were initially constructed, and the reliability analysis of the questionnaire was conducted through Delphi expert consultation, with favorable results in terms of its reliability and validity. Regarding the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson's disease patients, the study found that the level of exercise compliance needs improvement, and there are significant differences in exercise compliance levels among patients under different circumstances. Finally, the research results were discussed and conclusions were drawn. The innovation of this study lies in the development of a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson's disease and the preliminary qualitative research and Delphi expert consultation conducted on it, providing new ideas and methods for the study of exercise compliance. However, the study also has limitations as it did not examine the effects of other interventions on Parkinson's disease, therefore further research should be conducted.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Parkinson's Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Exercise Compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: Tai Chi Water Resistance Fitness Ball
  topic: keywords
subject: Influencing Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
creator: He Huang
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-11
publication date: 2025-10-11
starting page: 15
ending page: 45
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.07

Influence and intervention of Tai Chi Training on Memory Muscle Injury in Middle and Old Age
type: item
description: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tai chi training on Memory Muscle Damage (MMD) in middle-aged and elderly adults and to evaluate its effectiveness as a rehabilitation intervention. Through a 12-week Tai chi training program, middle-aged and elderly patients with MMD were interfered, and their changes in muscle strength, muscle endurance, muscle pain and cognitive function were observed. The results show that tai chi training can significantly improve the symptoms of muscle memory impairment in middle-aged and elderly patients with MMD, and improve their cognitive function, providing a new idea and method for the rehabilitation of MMD.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Tai Chi Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Middle and Old Age
  topic: keywords
subject: Memory Muscle Injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Endurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Function
  topic: keywords
creator: Oscar Huang
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 35
doi: 10.57612/JS26.JTS.05.01

Scientific Analysis and Comparison Between Bigu and Keto Diet
type: item
description: Chinese Taoists have a long traditional practice of "Bigu", which has a similar process and results as the ketogenic diet, or Keto, that has recently become popular. These diet regiments make people lose weight, reduce their appetite, increase energy, and think clearly. Keto was used in the twentieth century to treat epilepsy and later became a popular form of health practice - a rich-fat, moderate protein, and minimal carbohydrates diet that forces the human body to burn fat rather than carbohydrates as the primary calorie source. In 2016, Prof. Koizumi of Japan provided the scientific basis of the ketogenic diet and won the Nobel Prize. “Bigu”, which means “Avoid Grain” in Chinese, has been a way of health preservation in China for thousands of years. There are surprisingly few research projects comparing these two popular diet practices. This paper surveys and analyzes the recent researches to compare the differences between Bigu and Keto, proposes new bigu standards, and recommends future research directions.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Ketogenic
  topic: keywords
subject: Bigu
  topic: keywords
subject: Diet Regiment
  topic: keywords
subject: NeoBigu
  topic: keywords
subject: Longevity
  topic: keywords
subject: Low-carb
  topic: keywords
subject: Taoism
  topic: keywords
creator: Eric Y. Tao
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 56
ending page: 64
doi: 10.57612/2023.JTS.02.05

Comparison of the Effects of HIIT and MICT on Weight Loss in Female College Students: A Meta-Analysis
type: item
description: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) have been widely studied for their effects on weight loss. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the interventions of HIIT and MICT on overweight female college students were retrieved from PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang databases up to September 1, 2023. According to the inclusion criteria, a meta-analysis was conducted. The results showed that HIIT significantly reduced and improved body weight (MD = -0.99, 95% CI = -1.82 to -0.17, P < 0.05), BMI (MD = -0.40, 95% CI = -0.69 to -0.11, P < 0.05), body fat percentage (MD = -0.82, 95% CI = -1.15 to -0.49, P < 0.05), waist-to-hip ratio (MD = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to -0.00, P < 0.05), and waist circumference (MD = -1.76, 95% CI = -3.13 to -0.39, P < 0.05) in overweight female college students. The effect on hip circumference (MD = -0.45, 95% CI = -1.77 to 0.86, P = 0.50) was not statistically significant. HIIT showed overall superiority to MICT in weight loss activities aimed at overweight female college students, especially in reducing body weight and body fat percentage. It is recommended that overweight female college students with weight loss needs prioritize HIIT interventions based on weight loss efficiency and time effectiveness, with a program lasting 12 weeks, 3 times per week, and 20–30 minutes per session.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Female College Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Weight Loss
  topic: keywords
subject: HIIT
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
  topic: keywords
subject: MICT
  topic: keywords
creator: Yun Haili
creator: Si Hongyu
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 56
ending page: 70
doi: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.03.04

Mathematic-Guided Tai-Chi Movements
type: item
description: Tai-Chi (also spelled Taiji or Taijiquan), the ancient Chinese martial art rooted in Taoist philosophy, emphasizes harmony, balance, and continuous motion embedded with mathematical geometric shapes. This work explores the rich intersections between Tai-Chi principles and mathematical structures such as the Lo Shu Magic Square, Fibonacci numbers, Golden Ratio, Lambdoma harmonics, and geometric forms like spirals and circles. We propose a novel framework for mathematics-guided Tai-Chi practice, demonstrating how mathematical concepts can inform movement design, enhance body awareness, and deepen meditative engagement. Drawing on empirical case studies and theoretical analysis, we illustrate how integrating these principles offers new pathways for physical training, cognitive enrichment, and interdisciplinary education. This synthesis invites a new image of Tai-Chi as both a somatic art and a living model of mathematical harmony.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Tai-Chi Motion
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical Embodiment
  topic: keywords
subject: Lo Shu Magic Square
  topic: keywords
subject: Fibonacci Sequence
  topic: keywords
subject: Golden Ratio (φ)
  topic: keywords
subject: Lambdoma Harmonics
  topic: keywords
subject: Circles and Spirals
  topic: keywords
subject: Tai-Chi Teaching and Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Matthew X. He
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 59
ending page: 119
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.05

A Study on the Effects of Taiji Rouli Ball Exercise on Hand Dexterity of Middle-Aged and Elderly Practitioners
type: item
description: Human beings experience a gradual decline in body functions with age, and decreased manual dexterity can directly limit daily life and well-being. It is of practical value to improve hand dexterity through targeted exercise. This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of hand dexterity in middle-aged and elderly people by exploring the effect of Taiji Rouli Ball on hand dexterity. Methods: Using literature method, experimental method, mathematical statistics method and logical analysis method, 15 middle-aged and elderly people aged 50-65 years were randomly selected as subjects, and a regular Taiji Rouli Ball intervention experiment lasting for 7 weeks, 4 times a week for 60 minutes each time was carried out to compare the hand dexterity, right and left hand grip strength and hand dysfunction scales of middle-aged and elderly people before and after the experiment. Results:7 weeks of 8-form Rouli Ball exercise produced statistically significant differences in hand dexterity and right-handed grip strength; there were no significant differences in the hand dysfunction scale, but there was a trend of benign changes in the data. Conclusion: Taiji Rouli Ball can positively affect the decline of hand dexterity due to aging in middle-aged and elderly people; Taiji Rouli Ball intervention can improve hand grip strength and alleviate hand dysfunction in middle-aged and elderly people. Practicing Taiji Rouli Ball can make the muscles of the hands and legs as well as the central nervous system to be developed comprehensively.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Middle-Aged and Elderly
  topic: keywords
subject: Taiji Rouli Ball
  topic: keywords
subject: Hand Dexterity
  topic: keywords
subject: Taijiquan
  topic: keywords
subject: Practitioners
  topic: keywords
creator: Rujia Wang
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 40
ending page: 58
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.04

The Art of Balance: Exploring Analogies in Taiji Forms and Tensegrity Structures
type: item
description: This essay explores the analogies between Tensegrity and Taiji (which is the common abbreviated English name for T’ai Chi Chuan). Tensegrity is a structural principle that employs tension and compress ion to create a self-supporting structure, and this investigation focuses on how character istics of Tensegrity, such as discontinuous force distribution, or the maintenance of self equilibrium, relate to the movements and philosophy of Taiji. Drawing on selected core Taiji principles, this study examines the properties and behavior of self-constructed Tensegrity models and their relevance for Taiji practice. The analysis also aims to provide some insights into the parallels between tensegrity structures, natural systems, and human biomechanics, through emphasizing the role of soft, non-linear systems.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Analogies
  topic: keywords
subject: Taiji Forms
  topic: keywords
subject: Tensegrity Structures
  topic: keywords
subject: self equilibrium
  topic: keywords
subject: equilibrium
  topic: keywords
creator: Adrian Koziol
creator: Dipl.Ing Arch
creator: FH München
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 39
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.03

Preliminary Study of Physiological Effects of Medical Tai Chi on the Cardiopulmonary System
type: item
description: In a preliminary study of the Physiological Effects of Medical Taiji on the Cardiopulmonary System an unusually high heart rate was observed in a single participant. Some key differences are observed between Taiji and conventional exercise in therms of Oxygen uptake and heart rate
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Physiological Effects
  topic: keywords
subject: Tai Chi
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxygen
  topic: keywords
subject: Heart Rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Sympathetic Nervous System
  topic: keywords
creator: Fumin Xue
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 22
ending page: 24
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.02

Preliminary Taiji Stake Work and its suitability for use in physiotherapy
type: item
description: Stake work is a basic skill of Taiji, and it provides Taiji practitioners a simple but highly effective way to improve their competency. At its most basic level, the purpose of stake work is to develop muscles and tendons to improve balance and the practitioners ability to do Taiji, and in the past, the original purpose of Taiji was for defense-offense: but in modern times it has evolved and practitioners now may practice Taiji as athletes for competitions, and as a method to aid fitness-health and self cultivation. These Taiji routines are often a careful combination of postures, that are practiced and trained repeatedly until gradually they are mastered. Therefore, stake work ( used in developing both strength and balance) must support three separate aims in Taiji. These being; classical competition and defense-offense; fitness-health and self cultivation; and the third is the new development of Taiji routines for art performance1, where the creation of art is combined with freestyle Taiji movements. The problem though is traditional stake work, is static, and it mainly improves the center of gravity. This means “Gravity Stakes” are only able to partially meet the needs of those who practice fitness-health, self-cultivation and Taiji routines or art performances, and it does not support those who are involved in competition and defense-offense. So, modifications have been made and we introduced the concepts of External Force Stake and Dynamic Stakes. Together these three stakes (Gravity, External Force stake, and Dynamic) were designed by the authors to create very simple exercises that fully support the three modern purposes of Taiji. It also, in part, illustrates that the “continuous transmission” in classic theory is the continuous transmission of internal force and strength (or momentum). This paper will discuss the muscles being strengthened and the possible application of these exercises for general use in physiotherapy. The paper will also focus primarily o…
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Taiji Stake
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: defense-offense
  topic: keywords
subject: fitness-health
  topic: keywords
subject: dynamic stakes
  topic: keywords
subject: muscles
  topic: keywords
subject: gravity stake
  topic: keywords
creator: Jie Gu 顾杰
creator: Xupu Qin 秦旭普
creator: Huaixu Li 李怀续
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 21
doi: 10.57612/JS25.JTS.04.01

Difference in Hamstring Flexibility between Athletes in the Chilean National Wushu Team versus Athletes not in the Chilean National Wushu Team
type: item
description: This study evaluates hamstring flexibility among junior athletes practicing modern Taolu Wushu using the Sit and Reach test. The cross-sectional analysis included 32 participants, evenly split between members and non-members of the national team. Results demonstrated that national team members exhibited significantly higher flexibility levels compared to their non-team counterparts (p < .01, d = 0.707), highlighting hamstring flexibility as a critical factor for national team selection in Wushu. Spearman's correlation analyses further revealed significant associations between flexibility and phenotypic variables such as age and height, particularly within the national team cohort, suggesting these traits may influence or contribute to the observed differences in flexibility. These findings support the use of the Sit and Reach test as a simple yet effective tool for assessing hamstring flexibility, which can help coaches identify potential national team candidates and tailor training programs to enhance flexibility. The outcomes align with previous research indicating higher flexibility levels in athletes of national teams across various sports, underscoring the importance of flexibility in competitive success and athlete selection processes.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Hamstring
  topic: keywords
subject: Athletes
  topic: keywords
subject: Chilean
  topic: keywords
subject: Wushu
  topic: keywords
subject: Taolu
  topic: keywords
subject: Modern Wushu
  topic: keywords
creator: Héctor Toledo
creator: Juan Sandoval
creator: Ariel Mancilla
creator: Sajad Pourjahani
creator: Erik Tan
creator: Samuel Montalvo
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 48
ending page: 55
doi: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.03.03

Graphical Method of the Wining Mechanism of Taiji
type: item
description: The classical winning mechanism in Taĳi push-hand is to attack the opponent’s weakness with our strengths. A new software code, which we named “Taĳi Master” was developed to calculate Taĳi in complicated situations. This program was designed to assist students to learn the correct moves in a graphical method is simple, intuitive and practical manner. The graphical method develops a winning mechanism from the eight movements/philosophies: throw like an arrow; induce to empty; four ounces deflect thousand; optimized strike along connection of the two feet; crotch spiraling to strike narrow stance; crotch turning to assault short stance; waist rotating to beat small stance; buildup advantage to conquer the weak link. Being able to resolve Taĳi movements in a mechanical/numerical manner allows the traditional martial arts world to ratify the inheritance of the master; and to allow research studies to determine optimal moves in any specific situation.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Graphical Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Taĳi
  topic: keywords
subject: Martial Arts
  topic: keywords
subject: weakness
  topic: keywords
subject: strengths
  topic: keywords
subject: Taĳi Master
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophies
  topic: keywords
creator: Jie Gu 顾杰,
creator: Huaixu Li 李怀续
creator: Jianhui Lu 卢建辉
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 47
doi: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.03.02

Revealing the Inheritance of Taĳiquan by New Historical Materials in Tang Village, China
type: item
description: The recent discovery of new historical materials, relating to the “Thirteen-Momentum Martial Arts Manual (十三势拳谱)” which were found at Li Helin’s (李鹤林) former residence in Tang Village (唐村) in 2019, have deepened our understanding of the incomplete “Song of Practicing Thirteen Momentums (十三势行功歌)” and “Taĳi Health-Preservation Martial Arts (HPMA) Manual (太极养生功谱)” which were discovered in the Li Family Genealogy in 2003. It has been found that the contents within these documents agree with the authors of the Taĳiquan Classics in the two martial arts manuals discovered by Li Lichao’s family in Tang Village, in 2003. The newly discovered information on Wuji HPMA (无极养生功), Taĳi HPMA (太极养生功), and their respective practicing postures of thirteen momentums, have proved extremely helpful and it has given us many new clues, which continue to further help us unravel the mystery surrounding the origin of taĳiquan. A detailed review of these finds was published earlier in 2023, in this journal, and the purpose of this new paper is to continue to elucidate the content of these historical materials; to explore the development of Tang Village’s Wuji and Taĳi martial arts, and to identify their impact on the early inheritance of these forms on various taĳiquan sects. In this article, through overlaps that are observed in the unique postural characteristics of the thirteen momentums in the respective Wuji HPMA and Taĳi HPMA, the historical relationships between the major taĳiquan sects are now revealed.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Inheritance
  topic: keywords
subject: Taijiquan
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical Materials
  topic: keywords
subject: Tang Village
  topic: keywords
subject: China
  topic: keywords
creator: T. Julian Chu 朱殿蓉
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 35
doi: 10.57612/JS24.JTS.03.01

Analysis and Reflections on the Scientific Research of Taijiquan in China
type: item
description: Taichiquan has recently came to the attention of the world’s scientific community, and within this community there exists diverse development trends. Based on an analysis of the published research papers within and outside of China, this paper discusses the institutional factors, internal factors and external factors that affect the development of Taijiquan scientific research. From there are three suggestions: First, through establishing a research paradigm based on life science and body experience, we may find the reason why Taijiquan has so many benefits in the physical and mental health for humans. Secondly, we should pay attention to intervention in the whole process of overall medical treatment (this includes preventive-care, general healthcare, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation through Taijiquan health promoting); and third the standardization of the basic concepts of Taijiquan is a rich area for further research that can act as a reference for the future scientific research of Taijiquan.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
creator: Dawei Yang杨大卫
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 46
ending page: 55
doi: 10.57612/2023.JTS.02.04

A Human Body Model for Calculating Taiji
type: item
description: Handan Taiji Collage has researched the science of Taiji for many years. In the following is a review of this work. Taiji is now recognized to be a treasure of Chinese martial arts and Chinese culture, but it is important to integrate the ancient poetic descriptions of Taiji with modern science. The classic theory of Taiji is famous for giving a perfect explanation from the qualitative aspect, while leaving very large gaps in the quantitative aspects. This article uses mechanics to describe the defense-offense mechanism of Taiji and applies a scoring-criteria to Taiji for martial arts application. A human body-based math model is established to simulate the defense-offense moves, and dynamic and static formulas for releasing force are derived. To aid these calculations, which can be quite complex, we developed a software program with VBA (Excel visual basic for application), which can be used to calculate the defense and offense capabilities of Taiji and other martial arts.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Human Body Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Taiji
  topic: keywords
subject: Martial Arts
  topic: keywords
subject: Modern Science
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative
  topic: keywords
creator: Jie Gu顾杰
creator: Huaixu Li李怀续
creator: Jianhui Lu卢建辉
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 45
doi: 10.57612/2023.JTS.02.03

Traditional Taijiquan's Three Evolutionary Forms and Characteristics in Their Development
type: item
description: Chinese martial arts both reflect the lifestyle of the Chinese people and serves as an important link in understanding local cultural life in China. With Taijiquan’s recent recognition as an intangible cultural heritage by the UNESCO, the guardians of traditional Taijiquan now face the question of what to protect, how to protect, and how to develop and preserve its history. This paper uses literature reviews and logical analysis to resolve the development of Chen-style Taijiquan and explains how traditional Taijiquan has evolved into three different forms; traditional, competitive, and health-oriented. It analyzes the characteristics of the three evolutionary forms and proposes that in this era, the protection and inheritance of traditional Taijiquan as an intangible cultural heritage should highlight the cultural core elements within the Taiji record, and it is necessary to study the effect, and the crucial link between martial arts and health, in order to continue to preserve its legacy, and permit its future developments to all future generations, worldwide.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Traditional Taĳiquan
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese
  topic: keywords
subject: Martial Arts
  topic: keywords
subject: UNESCO
  topic: keywords
subject: Chen-style
  topic: keywords
creator: Lingling Yu于玲玲
creator: Mingke Zhang张明科
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 34
doi: 10.57612/2023.JTS.02.02

Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding the Origins of Taijiquan by New Historical Materials in Tang Village, China
type: item
description: In this paper the recently recovered records of the Li family are discussed. These records answer man questions surrounding the start of taĳiquan. This corrects many prior assumptions, and the documents reveal new insights into how various certain martial arts originally developed.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Taĳiquan
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical Materials
  topic: keywords
subject: Tang Village
  topic: keywords
subject: China
  topic: keywords
subject: Evidence
  topic: keywords
creator: T. Julian Chu 朱殿蓉
creator: DeYin Li 李德印
creator: Libing Li 李立炳
creator: Meizhi Wei 魏美智 Meizhi Wei 魏美智
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 27
doi: 10.57612/2023.JTS.02.01

An Experimental Study of the Interventional Effects of Qigong Exercise on College Students with Different Personality Types
type: item
description: This paper explored the effects of practicing Qigong, a traditional Chinese fitness method which includes the imitation of the Fiveanimal exercise, on the psychological adjustment of college students with different personality types. Through the study of 220 college students aging from 19 to 22 a study of the responses made on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Symptom check list-90 (SCL-90)] provided scientific data that supported the idea that Chinese traditional health preservation exercises can improve the mental health of college students. Specifically, after 12-week Qigong exercise, the total symptom index, interpersonal sensibility, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid-anxiety, depression, psychoticism and anger-hostility of the participants significantly differed from baseline. There were also significant differences in somatization and anxiety. In the female participants in the experimental group, there was a very significant difference in terms of anger-hostility, and there were also significant differences in terms of paranoid-anxiety and psychoticism, and in somatization, depression and the total symptom index. Further improvements are described.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Qigong
  topic: keywords
subject: college students
  topic: keywords
subject: personality
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention
  topic: keywords
creator: Lingling Yu于玲玲
creator: Xiaolei Liu
creator: Yunbi Shou
creator: Bingcan Wang
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 70
doi: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.07

The research on the coupling relationship between human skeleton and fascia in Taĳi from the perspective of spatial structure
type: item
description: This paper analyzes the spatial structure and movement characteristics of bones in Taĳi movement, and puts forward the viewpoint that the human body forms a "rigid and flexible" coupled movement force system with the bones and fascia during Taĳi movement, and this relates to the structural forces experiences by the human body in Taĳi movement. In Taĳi movement, the fascia wraps and connects bones in series. This forms a rigid flexible coupling prestressed force system in the human body. It is believed that to understand the ancient process of Taĳi scientifically, it will be required to undertake a combined study of fascia science, fluid mechanics, spatial structure mechanics, modern kinematics, with other research disciplines.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Tai Chi
  topic: keywords
subject: Fascia
  topic: keywords
subject: space structure
  topic: keywords
subject: human skeleton
  topic: keywords
subject: Taĳi
  topic: keywords
creator: Zili Xu 许自立
creator: Juan ChenC陈娟
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 46
ending page: 54
doi: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.06

Cardio Taĳi for Wellness
type: item
description: The concept of Taĳi (Tai-chi), consisting of Yin and Yang, originates from the ancient Yĳng (Iching), the Book of Changes. It is the traditional metaphysical Law of China, and has been described as Dao (Tao) or “The Way.” Two years ago, in December, 2020, Taĳiquan (the fighting system of Taĳi) was recognized and accepted as an Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This study reviews the Taĳiquan technique for assisting in life and wellness, and presents a brief review of the effect of Cardio Taĳi on blood pressure.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Yin & Yang
  topic: keywords
subject: Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic Healing
  topic: keywords
subject: Wellness Continuum
  topic: keywords
subject: Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardio Exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Harmony
  topic: keywords
subject: Tao/Dao
  topic: keywords
subject: The Way
  topic: keywords
creator: Chi-hsiu D Weng
creator: Timothy S. Tin
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 45
doi: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.05

Wang Zongyue's Taĳiquan Discourse: The Biomechanics of Dongjin
type: item
description: We present in this following paper a verse-by-verse translation of the Taĳiquan Discourse, with annotations in the framework of biomechanics. In the text, dongjin 懂劲 the “comprehension of jin” crystallizes as a central concept. Dongjin can be viewed as how the body comprehends, and interacts functionally with force. While the body relates to force by its strength and functionality, the Taĳi body, is considered to be instilled with dongjin, and perceives the force associated with jin (劲) as “soft” (rou) and “hard” (gang), which correspond to the vector quantities of the force, namely, direction and magnitude. In most cases the common response to an attacking force is to fight back, in a direct forceagainst-force interaction, which creates a “double weighted” conditions (shuangzhong 双重) that tenses up, and traps the body from being able to maneuver. This renders the body vulnerable. Dongjin enables the body to respond to the incoming force by making postural adjustments to receive force at an angle, at the moment of impact, thus deflecting and mitigating it. In other words, the body uses the rou component (softness) to absorb and neutralize the incoming force. Also, dongjin accords liveliness and spontaneity in the response of rou and gang, which is a fundamental feature of martial skills. Dongjin is more comprehensive than perceiving force as a vector; it enables the body to use the dynamics of rou and gang functionally in its application, with great efficacy. Dongjin forms the biomechanical basis for Taĳiquan’s key strategy of responding with rou-softness in martial interactions (yi rou wei zhu 以柔为主).
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Taĳiquan
  topic: keywords
subject: biomechanics
  topic: keywords
subject: martial application
  topic: keywords
subject: internal force
  topic: keywords
subject: relaxation
  topic: keywords
subject: central equilibrium
  topic: keywords
subject: body integration
  topic: keywords
subject: biotensegrity
  topic: keywords
subject: levers
  topic: keywords
subject: ground reaction force
  topic: keywords
subject: kinetic chains
  topic: keywords
creator: C.P. Ong王宗平
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 40
doi: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.04

Research on the Belt and Road Initiative and the International Communication of Health Qigong
type: item
description: Under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, this paper studies the international communication of Health Qigong by a combination of historical materialist dialectics and logic analysis. Health Qigong has the characteristics of both education and instruction that spans across many centuries and world regions. Based on the Belt and Road Initiative, the communication strategy of Health Qigong should include: strengthening scientific research; widening channels of communication and enhancing the radiant power of culture; boosting international exchange outreach, and promoting a deeper expansion and diffusion of Health Qigong culture. With the continuous advancement of the construction of the Belt and Road and the enhancement of soft power by China, Health Qigong will play a role in carrying forward the traditional culture of China, and help strengthen the exchange of sports between China and foreign countries, and promote the development of local society and economic development.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: The Belt and Road Initiative
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Qigong
  topic: keywords
subject: International Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: China
  topic: keywords
subject: scientific research
  topic: keywords
creator: Tao Kang康涛
creator: Guo-yong Wang
creator: Wei-bao Wang
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 20
ending page: 24
doi: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.03

Biomechanical Analysis of Taijiquan Martial Application
type: item
description: Taĳiquan can handle incoming forces with minimal effort and it can overcome hardness with softness. This claim is sometimes viewed suspiciously because ordinary people cannot execute the internal force of Taĳiquan. Relaxation can enhance stability and rooting can help facilitate selfdefense. This claim often causes confusion because ordinary people are unfamiliar with these concepts. In the following, the author cites ancient Taĳiquan Classics and reviews scientific literature to discuss a better way for Taĳiquan training for health, and to help reveal an effective way of Taĳiquan application for self-defense. Martial application is a complex process, and involves converting the mechanically disadvantaged systems in the human body to be more efficient and effective mechanisms. As a martial art for self-defense, Taĳiquan is most challenging for practitioners when it comes to quickly receiving a strong oncoming force and effectively launching “Jin” after neutralization. The biomechanical aspects of Taĳiquan martial art are evaluated in terms of motional control; the six degrees of freedom in motion; maintaining a central equilibrium; biotensegrity formation; the living fulcrum and leverage utilization; ground reaction force enhancement; and body kinetic chain manipulation. In this paper, the mysterious “Qi” and “Jin” are scientifically defined, to help users understand the essence of Taĳiquan.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Taĳiquan
  topic: keywords
subject: biomechanics
  topic: keywords
subject: martial application
  topic: keywords
subject: internal force
  topic: keywords
subject: relaxation
  topic: keywords
subject: central equilibrium
  topic: keywords
subject: body integration
  topic: keywords
subject: biotensegrity
  topic: keywords
subject: levers
  topic: keywords
subject: ground reaction force
  topic: keywords
subject: kinetic chains
  topic: keywords
creator: Julian Chu 朱殿蓉
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 19
doi: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.02

Effect of Taiji post-standing on the brain analyzed with EEG signals
type: item
description: Taĳi post standing is a supplementary exercise for Taĳi, which aids the internal function of the body and brain. Taĳi post standing is usually considered to be helpful for human health. However, few studies have explored the mechanism of this exercise using modern measurement devices. This study for the first time explores the effect of Taĳi post standing on the human brain with participants wearing EEG signal measurement devices. Based on our studies of participants, who were selected to practice three different Taĳi posts, the experimental results provide evidence that standing Taĳi posts can help people to relax, and they also found it easier to meditate. It is considered that this method of investigation can also be carried out for other Taĳi exercises, and it will be possible to gain a greater understanding of the complex health regulation mechanism of Taĳi.
subject: 文章
  topic: section
subject: Tai Chi
  topic: keywords
subject: Fascia
  topic: keywords
subject: space structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Taiji
  topic: keywords
subject: EEG Signal
  topic: keywords
creator: Dezhao Li李德钊
creator: Yangtao Ruan阮杨涛
creator: Fufu Zheng
creator: Lĳuan Si斯丽娟
creator: Qiang Lin林强
rights: ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-06-30
publication date: 2022-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.57612/2022.JTS.01.01